There are numerous efforts by the researchers in the United States and elsewhere around the world to help accelerate the development of transparent-armor systems. With continuing escalations in the number and variety of threats, the needs for rapidly deployable threat-specific weight/cost-performance-optimized transparent armor and armor systems have greatly increased. military forces in the Operation Iraqi Freedom. The critical importance of transparent armor has become evident by recent experiences of the U.S. riot control or explosive ordinance disposal) or as transparent-armor systems (to protect on-board instruments/sensors from fragments and debris, and to protect vehicle occupants from terrorist actions or other hostile conflicts). This class of materials is used in such diverse applications as protective visors for non-combat usage (e.g.
Impact Eng., 2008) is advanced to include a simple macrocracking algorithm based on the linear elastic fracture mechanics.īallistic glass is a material (or more often a system of materials) designed to be optically transparent while providing the necessary level of protection against blast and ballistic/fragmentation impacts. In the present work, it was shown that these disagreements can be substantially reduced if the glass model (Grujicic et al., Int. relative to the presence and distribution of isolated millimeter-size cracks nucleated ahead of the advancing coherent-damage zone front.
#Ballistic glass and armor crack#
However, substantial computational analysis/experiment disagreements were found relative to the formation of crack centers, i.e. In general, a good agreement was found between the computational and the experimental results relative to: (a) the front shapes and the propagation velocities of the longitudinal and transverse waves generated in the target during impact and (b) the front shapes and propagation velocities of a coherent-damage zone (a zone surrounding the projectile/target contact surface which contains numerous micron and submicron-size cracks). ( Proceedings of the 23rd International Symposium on Ballistics, Spain, April 2007 Proceedings of the 22nd International Symposium on Ballistics, November 2005, Vancouver, Canada). To validate the material model, a set of finite element analyses of the edge-on-impact tests was conducted and the results compared with their experimental counterparts obtained in the recent work of Strassburger et al.
#Ballistic glass and armor software#
The model was structured in such a way that it is suitable for direct incorporation into standard commercial transient non-linear dynamics finite element-based software packages like ANSYS/Autodyn (Century Dynamics Inc., 2007) or ABAQUS/Explicit (Dessault Systems, 2007).
Impact Eng., 2008), various open-literature experimental findings pertaining to the ballistic behavior of soda-lime glass were used to construct a simple, physically based, high strain rate, high-pressure, large-strain mechanical model for this material. In our recent work (Grujicic et al., Int.
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